Folder 10 - Legal Frameworks, Judgements and Commentaries
The final folder in the collection includes a variety of documents that outline the regulatory frameworks that govern forensic DNA analysis and databasing in different European jurisdictions. It also includes international comparisons as well as national and international commentaries on existing and potential legal arrangements, especially in the light of developing forensic DNA technologies.
The documents are listed by country affiliation, although there is a general list with European related documents.
Austria:
Bulgaria:
Croatia:
Code of Criminal Procedure (2009)- Marjanovic et al. (2011) Forensic DNA databases in the Wester Balkan region: retrospectives, perspectives and initiatives.
Cyprus:
Czech Republic:
- Police Act 283-1991 - Processing of information by the police (2007)
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Czech Republic
Denmark:
- Act 434 of 31-5-00 Appendix 1: Law establishing the Central DNA Registry (2000)
- P. Garde (2005) The DNA-proof in Practical Danish Criminal Justice
- Act 369 of 24-05-2005 Appendix 2: Act on the Central DNA profile Registry (2005)
- Ethics (2006) Chapter 2 “Use of DNA profiles in the detection of crime” from the book “A DNA profile record which includes all citizens in Denmark”
- Lov nr. 405 om Det Centrale DNA-profil-register (2010)
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Denmark Law establishing the Central DNA Registry
Estonia:
- Code of Criminal Procedure (2003)
- Code of Criminal Procedure (2005)
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Estonia
- Justiits Ministeerium (2013) Estonian Legal Framework
Finland:
France:
- Code of Criminal Procedure - Article 706-54, 706-55, 706-56 (1998/2001/2003)
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) France Code of Criminal Procedure
- Arrêt Cour de Cassation (French Court of Appeal, 2014, on externally visible characteristics)
Germany:
- Article 20 of the 6.4.1990 Act on the Police (1990)
- BKA (1997) Errichtungsanordnung zur DNA-Analysedatei (Stand 2002)
- E. Schmidt-Jortzig (2005) Die DNA-Analyse – Ethische Perspektiven aus Sicht des Verfassungsrechts
- Gendiagnostikgesetz (2009) Gesetz uber genetische Untersuchungen bei Menschen
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Germany - Provision and examination of DNA samples
- German Code of Criminal Procedure (2016) Complete text in English (see sections 81a, e-h for DNA analysis)
- BGH Entscheidung (2012) Zur Verwertbarkeit der im Zusammenhang mit einer molekulargenetischen Reihenuntersuchung gewonnenen Erkenntnis, dass der Verursacher der bei der Tat gelegten DNA-Spur wahrscheinlich mit einem der Teilnehmer der Untersuchung verwandt ist (sog. Beinahetreffer).
- Schneider et al. (2013) Erläuterungen zu den wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen biostatistischer Wahrscheinlichkeitsberechnungen im Rahmen von DNA-Spurengutachten
- BGH Entscheidung (2014): Nach dem gegenwärtig erreichten wissen-schaftlichen Stand der forensischen Molekulargenetik sind zur Nach-vollziehbarkeit der Wahrscheinlichkeitsberechnung bei DNA-Vergleichs-untersuchungen, die keine Besonderheiten in der forensischen Frage-stellung aufweisen, im tatrichterlichen Urteil keine Ausführungen zur unabhängigen Vererblichkeit der untersuchten Merkmalsysteme erforderlich.
- BGH Entscheidung (2016) zur biostatischen Bewertung von DNA-Spuren und Datenbanktreffern
Greece:
- Hellenic Republic Data Protection Authority (2009) On DNA analysis and the creation of a database of DNA profiles
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Greece
- Voultsos et al (2011) Launching the Greek forensic DNA database. The legal framework and arising ethical issues.
- Code of Criminal Procedure - Article 200A Analysis of DNA.
- Privacy International (2014) Surveillance policies
Hungary:
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Hungary
- K. Nagy (2010) Criminal Records as a “secondary sanction”
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Hungary – Criminal Records
Ireland:
- Criminal Justice (Forensic Evidence and DNA database system) (Index only, 2014)
- O’Briain (2014) Criminal Justice (Forensic Evidence and DNA database system), An overview from a criminal practitioners’ perspective Legal Perspective.
Italy:
- EDRI-gram (2009) Italian DNA database: The devil is in the details
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Italy
- Garante per la protezione dei dati personali 196/2003 – data protection code (2003; in English)
- Gruppo di Lavoro SIGU (2013) Osservazioni sulla validità ed utilità dei test genetici di suscettibilità del comportamento umano e violento in ambito forense
- General Authorisation No. 8/2013 for the Processing of Genetic Data (2013)
- Tozzo & Caenazzo (2013) Minors inclusion in the Italian Forensic DNA database: Which safeguard between justice and Individual rights?
Latvia:
- Parliament of the Republic of Latvia (2006) Law on Development and Use of the National DNA Database
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Latvia
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Latvia – Law in establishment and usage of the National DNA database
Lithuania:
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Lithuania
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Lithuania – Criminal Procedure Code of the republic of Lithuania
- Lietuvos Respublikos Teisingumo ministerija (2014) Kaip teismo medikai išsklaido abejones dl tvysts?
- Bakary Ekspresas (2014) Kaip teismo medikai išsklaido abejones dl tvysts?
- Alpha (2014) Kaip teismo medikai išsklaido abejones dl tvysts?
- ELTA ir lrytas (2014) Kasmet Lietuvoje atliekama maždaug 500 ekspertizis dl tvysts
- A list of references about forensic genetics and web links provided by the Lithuanian State Forensic Medicine Service
Luxembourg:
Malta:
Norway:
Poland:
- Polish Police Act (1990/2002)
- Code of Criminal Procedure (1997 am2003)
- Goc et al (2002) The present and future of DNA database in Poland
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Poland
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Poland database laws
Portugal:
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Portugal – Law No. 5 of February 2008: The Portuguese National DNA database
- INMLCF (2013) Normas especificas de recolha de amostras no ambito da base de dados de perfis de ADN
- Pinto J (2013) DNA profiles database supervisory
Romania:
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Romania
- EDRI-gram (2009) Romania - Is really privacy a topic in the public debate?
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Romania – Law No. 76/2008: The National System of Judicial Genetic Data
Slovakia:
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Slovakia
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Slovakia – Use of DNA analysis for identification of persons
Slovenia:
- Sandor & Bard (2009) The Legal Regulation of Biobanks - National Report: Slovenia
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Slovenia – Police Act
- Marjanovic et al. (2011) Forensic DNA databases in the Wester Balkan region: retrospectives, perspectives and initiatives.
Spain:
- Gamero et al. (2007) Spanish public awareness regarding DNA profile databases in forensic genetics: what type of DNA profiles should be included?
- Real Decreto 1977/2008, de 28 de noviembre, por el que se regula la composición y funciones de la Comisión Nacional para el uso forense del ADN (2008)
- Gamero et al. (2008) A study of Spanish attitudes regarding the custody and use of forensic DNA databases
- Real Decreto 32/2009, de 16 de enero, por el que se aprueba el Protocolo nacional de actuación Médico-forense y de Policía Científica en sucesos con víctimas múltiples (2009)
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Spain – Criminal Procedure Law
- National Commission for the Forensic Use of DNA (2012) National Commission for the Forensic Use of DNA: Activities 2012
Sweden:
- Svensk författningssamling (2005)
- Polisdatalag (2010)
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2011) Sweden – Code of Judicial Procedure: National DNA databases
Switzerland:
- Haas et al. (2006) A new legal basis and communication platform for the Swiss DNA database
- Swiss Criminal Procedure Code, Art. 255 (2007, in English)
The Netherlands:
- Dutch DNA legislation (2001) Besluit DNA-onderzoek in strafzaken
- Council for Responsible Genetics (2014) DNA database regulations
- DNA Policy Initiative (2014) Netherlands DNA database
- C. van de Beek - The Dutch DNA Law and DNA Database
United Kingdom:
- Kaye (2006) Police collection and access to DNA samples
- European Court of Human Rights (2008) Case of S. and Marper v. The United Kingdom.
- MPA (2011) Protecting the innocent: the London experience of DNA and the National DNA database
- Home office (2013) Protection of Freedoms Act 2012: how DNA and fingerprint evidence is protected in law
- NDNAD (2013) Access and Use of DNA Samples, Profiles and Associated data
- Cole (2013) De-neutralizing identification – S. & Marper v UK, biometric databases, uniqueness, privacy and human rigths
- National DNA Database Strategy Board (2014) Early Deletion Process: Guidance to Chief Officers on the Destruction of DNA Samples, DNA Profiles and fingerprints
- NDNAD (2015) Access and Use of DNA Samples, Profiles and Associated data
Europe:
- European DNA Legislation: List of legislative sources
- Beyleveld (1997) Ethical issues in the forensic application of DNA analysis
- Walsh (2005) Legal and ethical perceptions of forensic DNA profiling part 1
- Directorate General of Human Rights and Legal Affairs Strasbourg (2010) Data Protection - Compilation of Council of Europe texts
- Parven (2012) Forensic use of DNA information: human rights, privacy and other challenges
- Muñoz & Fiodorova (2014) DNA and Law Enforcement in the European Union: Tools and Human Rights Protection
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